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The Story of Parsley

Parsley is a biennial from northwest Africa and the Balkan Peninsula on Kew’s map, used as garnish and as a cooking green. Curly and Italian flat-leaf are types of one species, not cilantro.

Curly parsley plant with ruffled leaves (wiki plant photo).
Wiki plant photo of curly parsley. Not Italian flat-leaf. Not cilantro. Not an illustration. Not labeled as a San Diego bed.

Petroselinum crispum is not Chinese parsley. Cilantro is Coriandrum sativum.

How it was found

Kew maps Petroselinum crispum as northwest Africa and the Balkan Peninsula. Native list: Algeria, Greece, Morocco, northwest Balkan Peninsula. Introduced widely across Europe, the Americas, parts of Africa, Asia, and islands — including California.

USDA GRIN does not print a native-country table; it lists the species as widely cultivated and widely naturalized. UC Marin: native to Mediterranean countries. Marin’s broader “Mediterranean countries” and Kew’s northwest Africa + Balkan Peninsula list are not identical.

No fetched page printed a first-cultivation date or a single domestication center.

How people used it

Kew lists food. UC Sacramento: used in stews, soups, sauces, dressings, and seasonings; curled parsley (P. crispum var. crispum) is the go-to garnish; Italian flat-leaf (P. c. var. neapolitanum) is said to have a stronger flavor that holds up better in cooking. UC Marin: curly leaf used more as a garnish and flat-leafed parsley used for cooking. UC Sonoma: extra parsley may be frozen or dried for long-term storage; start harvesting 60–75 days after planting; harvest from the outside of plants.

Kew lists medicine with no specific remedy named. GRIN folklore medicines are not copied. UC Sacramento’s “natural breath sweetener due to high chlorophyll” is a printed culinary aside, not copied as a folk-medicine recipe.

Timeline

  1. Mediterranean native (as printed, no first-cultivation date)

    Two maps, one herb

    UC Marin Master Gardeners: native to Mediterranean countries. Kew’s native range is narrower: northwest Africa, Balkan Peninsula (Algeria, Greece, Morocco, northwest Balkan Peninsula). Both sentences stay. Neither is a first-garden year.

    UC Marin Master Gardeners; Kew POWO

  2. 1866

    The name this card uses

    Kew accepts Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss, first published in Fl. Transsilv.: 254 (1866). USDA GRIN: Fl. transsilv. 254. 1866. GRIN synonyms include Apium petroselinum L., Petroselinum hortense Hoffm., and Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. ex Gaudin.

    Kew POWO; USDA GRIN

  3. Present (as printed)

    Biennial that gardeners treat as annual

    UC Sacramento: parsley is a biennial, growing during its first season and blooming during its second; many gardeners prefer to grow it as an annual. Two culinary types are treated under P. crispum: curled (var. crispum) and Italian flat-leaf (var. neapolitanum).

    UC Master Gardeners of Sacramento County

  4. Present (Sonoma, as printed)

    Year-round harvest there

    UC Master Gardener Program of Sonoma County: parsley may be harvested in Sonoma County year-round; a few plants started in spring usually last all winter there. For continued presence, set out new plants each year or allow an existing plant to reseed. That is a county-printed harvest window, not a first-cultivation date, not a California arrival, and not collapsed with Sacramento’s biennial-grown-as-annual line.

    UC Master Gardener Program of Sonoma County — Parsley

Cool to know

One species, even if Marin splits the name

UC Sacramento treats Italian flat-leaf as Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum. UC Marin prints a separate binomial Petroselinum neapolitanum for flat leaf. Kew and GRIN accept one species, P. crispum; GRIN flags var. neapolitanum Danert as nom. inval. Marin’s split is not Kew taxonomy.

UC Sacramento; UC Marin; Kew; USDA GRIN

Not cilantro

Chinese parsley / cilantro is Coriandrum sativum (UC Sonoma; GRIN). This card is Petroselinum crispum.

UC Sonoma; USDA GRIN

Why the second-year flavor turns bitter

UC Sacramento: biennial that sends up white flowers in the second summer, when leaf flavor turns bitter — the printed reason many gardeners grow it as an annual.

UC Master Gardeners of Sacramento County

Swallowtail parsley worms

UC Sonoma MG: expect parsley worms, larvae of the swallowtail butterfly, feeding on a few sprigs; larvae go through 5 stages from black/brown with orange markings and spines to smooth, pale green bodies with black and yellow stripes before emerging as yellow and black butterflies. Printed as a garden fact, not a use.

UC Master Gardener Program of Sonoma County — Parsley

Biennial, or perennial, or grown as annual

Kew POWO habit is “biennial or perennial” of the temperate biome. UC Sacramento treats it as a biennial grown as an annual. Those two printed habits are neighboring, not identical — Kew’s “or perennial” is not collapsed into the Sacramento annual-practice beat.

Kew POWO; UC Sacramento

Chlorophyll, as a culinary aside

UC Sacramento MG prints a culinary aside that parsley is a natural breath sweetener due to its high chlorophyll content. Copied here as a printed aside, not as a folk-medicine recipe.

UC Master Gardeners of Sacramento County

Growing notes for this plant live on the Plant Wiki. This page is origin and use, not a How-To.

Want parsley in a San Diego pot? See the easy-herbs guide for keeping culinary parsley going here. Get a quote or write yourgardenofgold@gmail.com.